Present Perfect Tense: Pengertian, Rumus, Fungsi, dan Contohnya

Hai guys. Kamu tentu tau dong jumlah tenses dalam grammar bahasa Inggris ada 16 tenses. Tentu mempelajari bahasa Inggris dengan memperdalam grammar bakal bikin skill bahasa Inggris kamu semakin jago. Nah pada artikel kali ini kita akan belajar tentang salahsatu keluarga dari 16 tenses tersebut, yaitu mengenai Simple past tense atau tenses tentang masa lampau.
Faktanya, tenses yang berkaitan dengan masa lampau tidak hanya Present Perfect Tense doang lho. Ada beberapa tenses yang ternyata memiliki kesamaan dalam fungsi dan penggunaannya, yang kadang-kadang dapat menimbulkan kebingungan dan kekeliruan.

Agar dapat membedakannya, kita perlu memerhatikan konteks setiap kalimat dan rajin berlatih dengan soal-soal. Sebagai contoh, jika kita melihat, simple past tense dan present perfect tense keduanya sama-sama menyatakan peristiwa yang terjadi di masa lampau. Namun, tetap ada perbedaan di antara keduanya.

Nah kira-kira gimana ya membedakanya? Yaudah yuk! kita simak paparan lengkap materi Present Perfect Tense.

Apa sih Pengertian Present Perfect Tense?

Present Perfect Tense adalah tense yang digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu peristiwa yang terjadi di masa lalu, tetapi dampaknya masih terasa pada waktu sekarang. Tense ini menekankan hubungan antara masa lalu dan sekarang.

Nah jadi, walaupun peristiwanya baru saja terjadi, dampak atau konsekuensi dari peristiwa tersebut masih dapat dilihat dan dirasakan ketika pembicaraan sedang berlangsung.

Selain itu, tenses ini umumnya dipergunakan untuk menggambarkan peristiwa atau mengupas pengalaman/perubahan yang terkait dengan suatu lokasi.

Rumus Present Perfect Tense

1. Rumus Positif Present Continuous Tense

Subject + Have/Has + Past Participle

1. I have finished my homework.
   • Artinya: Saya telah menyelesaikan pekerjaan rumah saya.
2. She has traveled to many countries.
   • Artinya: Dia telah melakukan perjalanan ke banyak negara.

2. Rumus Positif Present Continuous Tense

Subject + Have/Has + Not + Past Participle

Contoh Negatif:

1. I have not visited that museum yet.
   • Artinya: Saya belum pernah mengunjungi museum itu.
2. They have not seen the new movie.
   • Artinya: Mereka belum melihat film baru tersebut.

3. Interogatif (Interrogative):

Have/Has + Subject + Past Participle

Contoh Interogatif:

1. Have you ever been to London?
   • Artinya: Apakah kamu pernah ke London?
2. Has she completed the project?
   • Artinya: Apakah dia telah menyelesaikan proyek tersebut?

Catatan:

• Have digunakan dengan I, You, We, They.
• Has digunakan dengan He, She, It.
• Past Participle adalah bentuk kata kerja yang umumnya diawali dengan “have” atau “has” dan menunjukkan bahwa suatu tindakan telah selesai.

Baca juga: Cara Cepat Paham Present Continuous Tense: Pengertian, Rumus, Fungsi, dan Contoh

Fungsi dan Penggunaan Present Perfect Tense dan Contoh Kalimat

Nah, sekarang kita akan membahas tentang fungsi dan penggunaan Present Perfect Tense dan Contoh Kalimatnya. Apa aja ya kira-kira?

1. Menunjukkan Tindakan yang Dimulai di Masa Lalu dan Berlanjut Hingga Sekarang:

• Contoh: I have lived in this city for five years.
  • Artinya: Saya tinggal di kota ini selama lima tahun. (Saya masih tinggal di sini sekarang, dan pengalaman itu dimulai di masa lalu.)

2. Menunjukkan Pengalaman Hidup:

• Contoh: He has visited Paris several times.
  • Artinya: Dia telah mengunjungi Paris beberapa kali. (Pengalaman ini mencakup periode waktu sebelumnya hingga sekarang.)

3. Menyatakan Tindakan yang Baru Saja Selesai:

• Contoh: She has just finished her homework.
  • Artinya: Dia baru saja menyelesaikan pekerjaan rumahnya. (Tindakan menyelesaikan pekerjaan rumah baru saja selesai sebelum pembicaraan.)

4. Menyatakan Tindakan yang Terjadi Sebelum Tindakan Lain di Masa Lalu:

• Contoh: By the time they arrived, we had already left.
  • Artinya: Pada saat mereka tiba, kami sudah pergi. (Penggunaan Past Perfect Tense menunjukkan urutan waktu peristiwa di masa lalu.)

5. Menyatakan Tindakan yang Terjadi Tetapi Waktu Tidak Spesifik:

• Contoh: I have seen that movie.
  • Artinya: Saya telah menonton film itu. (Waktu kapan film tersebut ditonton tidak ditentukan.)

6. Menyatakan Pengalaman atau Perubahan yang Terkait dengan Suatu Tempat:

• Contoh: They have never been to Asia before.
  • Artinya: Mereka belum pernah ke Asia sebelumnya. (Pengalaman atau ketiadaan kunjungan tersebut memiliki relevansi hingga sekarang.)

Catatan:

• Present Perfect Tense sering menggunakan keterangan waktu seperti “for,” “since,” “just,” dan “already.”
• Penggunaan “for” untuk menyatakan durasi dan “since” untuk menunjukkan titik awal tindakan.

Contoh Kalimat Present Perfect Tense

1. I have visited that museum.
   • Positif: I have visited that museum.
   • Negatif: I have not visited that museum.
   • Interogatif: Have I visited that museum?
2. She has completed the project.
   • Positif: She has completed the project.
   • Negatif: She has not completed the project.
   • Interogatif: Has she completed the project?
3. We have lived in this city for five years.
   • Positif: We have lived in this city for five years.
   • Negatif: We have not lived in this city for five years.
   • Interogatif: Have we lived in this city for five years?
4. They have won the competition.
   • Positif: They have won the competition.
   • Negatif: They have not won the competition.
   • Interogatif: Have they won the competition?
5. He has just started a new job.
   • Positif: He has just started a new job.
   • Negatif: He has not just started a new job.
   • Interogatif: Has he just started a new job?
6. I have not traveled to Europe.
   • Positif: I have not traveled to Europe.
   • Negatif: I have traveled to Europe.
   • Interogatif: Have I traveled to Europe?
7. She has not learned to play the guitar.
   • Positif: She has not learned to play the guitar.
   • Negatif: She has learned to play the guitar.
   • Interogatif: Has she learned to play the guitar?
8. They have not received the package yet.
   • Positif: They have not received the package yet.
   • Negatif: They have received the package.
   • Interogatif: Have they received the package?
9. He has not visited his grandparents recently.
   • Positif: He has not visited his grandparents recently.
   • Negatif: He has visited his grandparents recently.
   • Interogatif: Has he visited his grandparents recently?
10. We have not watched that movie.
    • Positif: We have not watched that movie.
    • Negatif: We have watched that movie.
    • Interogatif: Have we watched that movie?
11. Have you ever traveled to Asia?
    • Positif: Have you ever traveled to Asia?
    • Negatif: Have you never traveled to Asia?
    • Interogatif: Have you ever traveled to Asia?
12. Has she visited the Grand Canyon?
    • Positif: Has she visited the Grand Canyon?
    • Negatif: Has she not visited the Grand Canyon?
    • Interogatif: Has she visited the Grand Canyon?
13. Have they attended the international conference?
    • Positif: Have they attended the international conference?
    • Negatif: Have they not attended the international conference?
    • Interogatif: Have they attended the international conference?
14. Has he traveled to Europe?
    • Positif: Has he traveled to Europe?
    • Negatif: Has he not traveled to Europe?
    • Interogatif: Has he traveled to Europe?
15. Have you ever tried sushi?
    • Positif: Have you ever tried sushi?
    • Negatif: Have you never tried sushi?
    • Interogatif: Have you ever tried sushi?
16. She has achieved her fitness goals.
    • Positif: She has achieved her fitness goals.
    • Negatif: She has not achieved her fitness goals.
    • Interogatif: Has she achieved her fitness goals?
17. I have bought a new camera.
    • Positif: I have bought a new camera.
    • Negatif: I have not bought a new camera.
    • Interogatif: Have I bought a new camera?
18. They have adopted a rescue dog.
    • Positif: They have adopted a rescue dog.
    • Negatif: They have not adopted a rescue dog.
    • Interogatif: Have they adopted a rescue dog?
19. He has visited the Great Wall of China.
    • Positif: He has visited the Great Wall of China.
    • Negatif: He has not visited the Great Wall of China.
    • Interogatif: Has he visited the Great Wall of China?
20. We have just finished redecorating our living room.
    • Positif: We have just finished redecorating our living room.
    • Negatif: We have not just finished redecorating our living room.
    • Interogatif: Have we just finished redecorating our living room?